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,To all whom it may conce/m:

eration.

`faces.

D. DIFFENDERFER; or Lnwisune, PENNSYLVANIA.

Letters .Patent No. 100,508, dated .March 8, 1870.

IMPROVED SCHOOL-DESK AND SEAT.

i The Schedule referredto in these Letters Patent and making pari: ofthe same Be it known that I, J. D.,D1FFENDERFEB, of Lewisburg, in the county of; Union, and State of Penn sylvanla,l have invented certain new and useful Im-I provements in School-Desks; and I do hereby declare` that the following is a infull, clear, and exact descrip-l tion thereof, reference being had tothe accompanying` drawings `making part ot' this specification, in ichi Figure 1 is an elevationof one side of a schoolfdesk, having my improvementsappliled to it.

rFigure 2 is aview of the backof fig. 1. Figures S'and 4 are Aenlarged views in detaihof my improvements. i n

Similar letters of reference'` indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

The improvements, which `I shall hereinafter explain,

are applicable to that class of school-desks which con-` sistlof metallicside'standards, connected together by boards, which afford 'the top, the back, and the shelf of the desk,`the back portions of said rstandards having a seat connected to them by Pivot-joints, so that 'such seatgcan be tnrnednp out of the way, to` leave a tiee passageway between desks arranged in rows, and so as to a'ord a support for the occupant of the desk next in iront ofthe one to which the seat is applied.

O ne great objection to seats hingedV to desks, as aboye described, is the rattling noise produced by every movement of the children` sittingnponthem, and the rapid wear-of the joints in consequence of such movements. Y i

Anotherohjection attending the lseats -hinged as above described, is want of a .provision for preventing the seats' from striking the backs of the desks when these seats are 'turned up 'to afford. passage between desks.

The nature of my invention consists in a certain arrangement, construction, and 'combination of parts, whercbythecharacter of school-desks above referred to isimproved-and rendered more useful.

"To enable others skilled in the art to understand my invention, I- will describe its construction and op- In the accompanyingdrawings A A represent two verticalstandards, which are made of `castA metal, and `adapted to aord the sides and legs ofthe desk. Y

Bis the inclined top of the desk';

C, the back-board 4 i D, the seatboard;A and E, the arms, to which `the seat-board is secured.

.The sides of the receptacle for containing books and other objects are formed by the reticulated portions of the standards `A A, and the extensions a a on the back' edges ofthe standards are cast withconical' bear-4 ings, g g, which are chilled in the process of casting, so as to present hardenedv and durable wearing-snr- The upper' edges of these oisets a a are flattened,` i

are curved upwardly in such manner that their upper extremities will abut against the cushions in portions h when .the seat is in the position to afford a rest, as

shown invfull lines, iig. 3. v

The levers E E are cast with hubs, c e, at the junction of the longest with the'shortes/t arms, which hubs are conically perforated, to receive the .conical bearings g g on .the standards A. The surfaces of the conical perforations are chilled in the casting process,

to prevent rapid wear and enlargement of the holes.

Vihen the seat D, attached to its levers or seatirons, is applied to the standards A A, and held by the coni`c`al'bearings, it will be Vseen that it can be adjusted in a horizontal position, or turned up out of the way.

When the seat is adjusted in a horizontal position,

lower edge will rest flatly upon theupper edges b. b of d the offsets a. a, and prevent the seat from abutting against the back-board G.

Thus it will be -seen that the jointed connection of the seat to the standards A A is chill-hardened, 'to prevent rapid wear, and also made in such manneras to prevent rattling in consequence of wear.

It will lalso be seen that the seat-board forms a noiseless stop, when :this board is turned upfby its contact with the top edges ofthe o'sets a a.

It will' also be seen, that by curving the shortestA arms c cof the seat-irons E E, these curved portions will be ont of the way when the seatis turned up as shown in fig 1, and they will also afford a more sub.

The combination of the seat-irons E c, conical hubs e, cone bearings g g, projections a, and" the cushion projections h, all constructed and arranged as and for the purpose set forth.- l Y y J. D. D IFFENDERFER.

Witnesses'.

C. T. BUTLER, J. C. D'IFFENDERFER. 

